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Luaät-leä
ôû Ontario veà Y-teá Taâm-thaàn
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Ñeå tìm moät luaät-sö:
Ñeå coù tín-töùc
phaùp-lyù, ñöôïc höôùng-daãn
vaø giôùi-thieäu:
Ñeå Xin moät boä Giaáy
UÛy-quyeàn:
Ñeå coù theâm chi-tieát:
Ghi-chuù: bích-chöông naøy
chæ coù muïc-ñích cung-caáp
tin-töùc phaùp-lyù toång-quaùt
maø thoâi. Neáu quí-vò caàn
ñöôïc höôùng-daãn
phaùp-lyù rieâng-bieät thì
quí-vò neân noùi chuyeän vôùi
moät luaät-sö hay coá-vaán.
Moät beänh-vieän khoâng baét-buoäc
phaûi nhaän quí-vò vaøo neáu
hoï tin laø quí-vò khoâng
bò gì caû. Tuy-nhieân, neáu
coù moät baùc-só khaùm bònh
quí-vò maø tin laø quí-vò
coù theå töï haïi hay haïi
nhöõng ngöôøi khaùc,
thì quí-vò coù theå ñöôïc
ñaët vaøo Maãu 1, cuõng ñöôïc
goïi laø moät cuoäc "Thaåm-ñònh
Thaàn-kinh". Luùc ñoù quí-vò
phaûi ôû laïi trong moät khu hay
bònh-vieän thaàn-kinh trong 72 tieáng
ñoàng-hoà. Quí-vò khoâng
theå khieáu-naïi, nhöng ngöôøi
ta phaûi ñöa cho quí-vò moät
Maãu 42, cho bieát laø quí-vò
coù quyeàn noùi chuyeän mieãn
phí vôùi moät luaät-sö.
Quí-vò hay moät ngöôøi
khaùc cuõng coù theå thöông-löôïng
ñeå quí-vò ñöôïc
ra ngoaøi.
Cuoäc thaåm-ñònh thaàn-kinh
ñöôïc moät baùc-só
khaùc thöïc-hieän. Trong voøng
72 tieáng ñoàng-hoà sau ñoù,
baùc-só ñoù phaûi quyeát-ñònh
laø: ñeå quí-vò ñöôïc
rôøi bònh-vieän, yeâu-caàu
quí-vò töï-nguyeän ôû
laïi bònh-vieän, hay buoäc quí-vò
phaûi ôû laïi nhö laø moät
bònh-nhaân baát-ñaéc-dæ.
Neáu quí-vò laøm (hay muoán
) haïi ai hay chính baûn-thaân, thì
quí-vò seõ coù theå bò
kìm-cheá laïi vaø/hay coâ-laäp-hoùa.
Sau ñoù quí-vò seõ ñöôïc
ñaët vaøo Maãu 3.
Maãu 3, hay "Nhaäp-vieän Baát-ñaéc-dæ,"
seõ keùo daøi hai tuaàn, maëc-duø
baùc-só cuûa quí-vò coù
theå quyeát-ñònh ñeå
quí-vò ra ngoaøi baát cöù
luùc naøo. Moät Coá-vaán
veà Quyeàn-haïn phaûi ñeán
caøng sôùm caøng toát ñeå
ñeà-nghò giuùp quí-vò
hieåu caùc quyeàn-haïn cuûa
mình vaø tìm moät luaät-sö
cho quí-vò neáu quí-vò
muoán. Quí-vò coù theå khaùng-caùo
Maãu 3 baèng caùch ñieàn
moät Maãu 16. Neáu quí-vò
laøm ñieàu ñoù, thì
moät Hoäi-ñoàng Thoûa-thuaän
vaø Khaû-naêng phaûi hoïp ñeå
"phaân xöû " trong voøng
7 ngaøy. Sau 2 tuaàn ôû Maãu
3, baùc-só coù theå ñaët
quí-vò vaøo Maãu 4, hay laø
moät "Chöùng-chæ Gia-haïn",
coù hieäu-löïc moät thaùng.
Sau ñoù, moät Maãu 4 khaùc
coù theå keùo daøi hai thaùng,
vaø moãi Maãu 4 sau ñoù
seõ keùo daøi ba thaùng. Moãi
laàn quí-vò nhaän ñöôïc
Maãu 3 hay 4, thì moät Coá-vaán
veà Quyeàn-haïn phaûi ñeán
ñeå ñeà-nghò giuùp-ñôõ
quí-vò. Moät laàn nöõa,
quí-vò cuõng coù quyeàn
noùi chuyeän vôùi moät luaät-sö,
vaø quí-vò coù quyeàn khaùng-caùo
moãi Maãu tröôùc Hoäi-ñoàng
Thoûa-thuaän vaø Khaû-naêng.
Quí-vò cuõng coù quyeàn
khaùng-caùo quyeát-ñònh
cuûa moät Hoäi-ñoàng qua Toøa
aùn.
Khi Ñaïo-luaät 68 (hay "Luaät-leä
cuûa Brian") ñöôïc thoâng
qua trong naêm 2000, coù nhöõng söï
thay-ñoåi ñöôïc ñöa
ra ñeå deå-daøng cho bònh-nhaân
nhaäp-vieän hôn. Cuõng nhö tröôùc
ñoù, caùc ñieàu-leä
(hay "tieâu-chuaån") aán-ñònh
raèng neáu quí-vò coù hay
muoán töï haïi hay haïi ngöôøi
khaùc, hay laø neáu cô-theå
cuûa quí-vò coù theå bò
suy-keùm vì bònh thaàn-kinh, quí-vò
coù theå ñöôïc ñaët
vaøo Maãu 1, 3 hay 4 bôûi baát
cöù moät baùc-só naøo.
Cuõng nhö tröôùc ñaây,
moät thaåm-phaùn, moät quan toøa
hay moät caûnh-saùt coù theå
yeâu-caàu moät baùc-só ñaët
quí-vò vaøo Maãu 1 neáu
hoï nghó laø quí-vò bò
bònh thaàn-kinh vaø coù cô
gaây haïi. Caùc ñieàu-leä
môùi aán-ñònh laø
moät baùc-só cuõng coù theå
ñaët quí-vò vaøo Maãu
1 neáu hoï tin laø quí-vò
"khoâng coù khaû-naêng"
laáy quyeát-ñònh veà vieäc
trò-lieäu, hieän ñang bò bònh
gioáng nhö tröôùc ñaây
(coù theå laøm suy-thoaùi tinh-thaàn
hay hôn nöûa), vaø quí-vò
ñaõ töøng bôùt bònh
khi ñöôïc ñieàu-trò
tröôùc ñaây. Ngoaøi
ra, moät caûnh-saùt cuõng khoâng
coøn caàn phaûi chöùng-kieán
nhöõng "haønh-ñoäng phaù
quaáy" ñeå giöõ quí-vò
laïi.
Tröôùc khi quí-vò chaáp-nhaän
hay töø-choái trò bònh, thì
baùc-só phaûi cho quí-vò
bieát laø söï trò-lieäu
goàm nhöõng gì, ñeå
laøm gì, coù nhöõng phaûn-öùng
phuï naøo, coù nhöõng söï
choïn löïa naøo khaùc, vaø
nhöõng gì coù theå xaåy
ra neáu quí-vò chaáp-nhaän
hay töø-choái trò bònh. Luùc
ñoù quí-vò coù theå
"thoûa-thuaän vôùi söï
hieåu-bieát". Chæ coù quí-vò
laø coù theå quyeát-ñònh
veà söï trò-lieäu, tröø
khi baùc-só tin-töôûng laø
quí-vò khoâng coù khaû-naêng
hieåu ñöôïc söï trò-lieäu
hay haäu-quaû cuûa quyeát-ñònh
cuûa quí-vò. Baùc-só coù
theå nhaän-thaáy laø quí-vò
"khoâng coù ñuû khaû-naêng"
nhö luaät-phaùp aán-ñònh
"ñeå chaáp-nhaän" söï
trò-lieäu. Moät Coá-vaán veà
Quyeàn-haïn luùc ñoù phaûi
ñeán gaëp quí-vò vaø
quí-vò coù quyeàn khaùng-caùo
quyeát-ñònh cuûa baùc-só
trong moät phieân-xöû cuûa Hoäi-ñoàng.
Neáu quí-vò khoâng coù khaû-naêng,
hay neáu quí-vò khoâng coù
kyù moät "Giaáy UÛy-quyeàn
veà Chaêm-soùc Caù-nhaân",
thì baùc-só phaûi nhôø
moät ngöôøi khaùc quyeát-ñònh
giuøm quí-vò veà vieäc trò-lieäu.
Baùc-só seõ hoûi nhöõng
ngöôøi khaùc theo thöù
töï sau ñaây: giaùm-hoä
cuûa quí-vò (neáu coù),
vôï, choàng hay quí-vò ñôøi,
con caùi (16 tuoåi trôû leân),
cha, meï, anh chò em, hay caùc thaân-nhaân
khaùc, vaø ngöôøi Giaùm-hoä
vaø UÛy-thaùc Coâng-coäng.
Ngöôøi ñaàu-tieân naøo
thoûa-thuaän vaø coù khaû-naêng
seõ trôû-thaønh ngöôøi
"laáy quyeát-ñònh giuøm
quí-vò". Ñeå traùnh
vieäc ñoù, quí-vò caàn
phaûi ñieàn moät giaáy "UÛy-quyeàn
veà Chaêm-soùc Caù-nhaân"
tröôùc ñoù. Noù cho
ngöôøi ta bieát laø quí-vò
muoán vaø khoâng muoán coù
nhöõng söï trò-lieäu naøo,
vaø ai seõ laáy quyeát-ñònh
giuøm quí-vò neáu quí-vò
coù bao giôø "khoâng coøn
khaû-naêng". Moät "Giaáy
UÛy-quyeàn Lieân-tuïc veà Taøi-saûn"
lo veà caùc quyeát-ñònh
taøi-chaùnh. Quí-vò phaûi
"coù ñuû khaû-naêng"
ñeå coù theå vieát vaø
kyù moät Giaáy UÛy-quyeàn
vaø phaûi coù hai nhaân-chöùng
cuøng kyù vôùi quí-vò.
Haõy hoûi luaät-sö ñeå
ñöôïc giuùp-ñôõ.
Theo luaät môùi, baùc-só
cuõng coù theå yeâu-caàu
quí-vò (hay moät ngöôøi
laáy quyeát-ñònh theá quí-vò
neáu quí-vò khoâng coù khaû-naêng)
laøm theo moät Leänh Trò trong Coäng-ñoàng,
hay "CTO". Neáu quí-vò ñoàng-yù,
thì quí-vò laøm phaûi theo
moät chöông-trình trò-lieäu
ñeå ñöôïc ôû
ngoaøi bònh-vieän. Moät danh-saùch
caùc ngöôøi thuoäc chöông-trình
seõ kieåm ñeå bieát chaéc
laø quí-vò laøm ñuùng
theo söï trò-lieäu vaø ñeán
caùc buoåi heïn. Quí-vò chæ
coù theå ñöôïc ñaët
vaøo chöông trình CTO neáu
trong 3 naêm vöøa qua quí-vò
ñaõ laø moät bònh-nhaân
thaàn-kinh hai laàn hay nhieàu hôn,
hay toång-coäng laø 30 ngaøy hay
nhieàu hôn. Moät CTO keùo daøi
saùu thaùng vaø coù theå
ñöôïc gia-haïn. Quí-vò
coù quyeàn töø-choái moät
CTO, ñeå gaëp moät Coá-vaán
veà Quyeàn-haïn, vaø ruùt
laïi söï thoûa-thuaän sau khi ñaõ
kyù giaáy tôø. Tuy-nhieân,
neáu quí-vò khoâng coù khaû-naêng,
thì moät ngöôøi khaùc
coù theå chaáp-thuaän hay töø-choái
moät CTO giuøm quí-vò. Neáu
quí-vò soáng ôû ngoaøi
bònh-vieän, thì quí-vò coù
theå ñöôïc ñaët vaøo
moät CTO neáu quí-vò hoäi ñuû
caùc tieâu-chuaån ñeå ñöôïc
ñaët vaøo Maãu 1.
Ñeå tìm moät
luaät-sö:
Lieân-laïc vôùi Dòch-vuï
Giôùi-thieäu Luaät-sö
töø 9 giôø saùng ñeán
5 giôø chieàu, trong tuaàn ôû
soá:
1-900-565-4577 (dòch-vuï naøy toán
$6.00 seõ ñöôïc tính
vaøo hoùa-ñôn ñieän-thoaïi
cuûa quí-vò).
HAY lieân-laïc vôùi hoï MIEÃN
PHÍ neáu quí-vò ñang
ôû trong tình-traïng khuûng
hoaûng (t.d. bò ngöôïc-ñaõi
trong gia-ñình, hay ôû nôi
bò giöõ laïi):
1-800-268-8326 ôû Ontario,
hay 416-947-3330 ôû Toronto.
Ñieän-toaùn: http://www.lsuc.on.ca/public/referral_en.shtml
Ñeå coù tín-töùc
phaùp-lyù, ñöôïc höôùng-daãn
vaø giôùi-thieäu:
Ñeå coù tín-töùc phaùp-lyù,
ñöôïc höôùng-daãn
vaø giôùi-thieäu:
Goïi moät Trung-taâm Phaùp-lyù
Coäng-ñoàng (cuõng laø nôi
ñeå laáy Chöùng-chæ
Giuùp-ñôõ Phaùp-lyù
ñeå traû caùc phí-toån
phaùp-lyù).
Tìm trong phaàn giaáy traéng cuûa
nieân-giaùm ñieän-thoaïi:
"LEGAL AID ONTARIO" ("GIUÙP-ÑÔÕ
PHAÙP-LYÙ ONTARIO")
Ñieän-toaùn: http://www.legalaid.on.ca
Ñeå Xin moät boä
Giaáy UÛy-quyeàn:
Goïi MIEÃN PHÍ Ngöôøi
Giaùm-hoä vaø UÛy-thaùc Coâng-coäng
ôû soá:
1-800-366-0335 ôû Ontario,
hay 416-314-2800 ôû Toronto.
Site Web : http://
www.attorneygeneral.jus.gov.on.ca/french/PGT/powkit.htm
Ñeå coù theâm
chi-tieát:
QSOS Research Booklets
(Taäp Nghieân-cöùu QSOS)(2001):
lieân-laïc vôùi chuùng toâi
ñeå coù moät baûn.
Ngoaøi ra, coù theå goïi Ngöôøi
Coá-vaán veà Quyeàn-haïn
taïi ñòa-phöông hay Vaên-phoøng
Höôùng-daãn Bònh-nhaân
Taâm-thaàn ôû soá:
1-800-578-2343
Ñieän-toaùn: http://www.ppao.gov.on.ca/locals.htm
Power
of Attorney
See Chart of Different Powers
of Attorney...
You have a legal right to decide what happens to
your body. This right includes accepting or refusing medical
treatments (if a person violates this right, they can be charged
with assault). However, you can only make such decisions while
you are legally "capable" (or "competent"
in the old law). Normally, you are assumed to be capable,
but if you are ever found "incapable" to make a
decision, someone else can apply or be asked to make decisions
for you.
You can appeal
a finding of "incapacity".
If you become unable to decide for yourself, or if
you are found "incapable" to make a decision, you
can let others know what you want beforehand. For example,
you can verbally give people instructions, which are legally
called "previous wishes". By writing a "statement
of previous wishes", there's a better chance your instructions
will be followed. However, the best legal proof of your previous
wishes is a Power of Attorney.
See Chart of Different Powers
of Attorney... A Power of Attorney is a legal document
in which you give someone (such as a relative or friend)
the power to make your treatment or finance decisions for
you if you're found "incapable".
You can choose someone to be your "attorney"
(different than your lawyer) and they will explain your "previous
wishes" to your doctor and others. Whoever you name has
to agree to be your attorney. You cannot choose someone who's
paid to give you health care, or someone who's "incapable",
or someone under the age of 16. You can name more than one
attorney to make decisions together ("jointly"),
unless you want them decide together OR separately ("jointly
and severally"). If an attorney dies or becomes incapable,
you can name one or more "substitute attorneys"
as well.
If you do not choose an "attorney", others
can be asked to make decisions for you (see: "Substitute
Decision Makers"), or someone can apply to become your
"representative". Someone can also apply to the
court to become your "Guardian of the Person"
or "Guardian of Property".
If your doctor or someone else finds you incapable
to make decisions about your treatment, money or other issues,
your Power of Attorney will tell people what you want done
or don't want done. Your chosen attorney must follow these
instructions and represent your wishes as best as possible.
If you don't give instructions for some unexpected situation,
your attorney has to decide for you based on what they think
is in your "best interest" and on what they know
about you. Someone, even your attorney, can go against your
wishes or interpret them differently if they are not specific
enough. It's best to think of any possible problems and talk
to a lawyer.
An Example: You don't want to be treated with most
anti-depressants because they make you ill. Your substitute
decision maker is told a new anti-depressant is available
and it has fewer side effects. Because you didn't know about
this drug, and did not list it when you signed your Power
of Attorney, your substitute decision maker may decide you
should be given the new drug.
To sign a Power of Attorney, you must be legally
"capable", and two independent witnesses must sign
with you. The best proof of your "capacity" is a
statement from someone who can assess
capacity (such as your doctor). People who cannot witness
your Power of Attorney include: your attorney, their spouse
or partner, your spouse or partner, your child, or people
under 18 years of age. You can change or cancel your Power
of Attorney only while you are capable (two witnesses must
also sign). Filling out a Power of Attorney is an important
legal task, so ask a lawyer or a community legal worker for
help. They can assist you in making your wishes as clear as
possible.
See Chart of Different Powers
of Attorney...
A
full description of the law regarding previous wishes, substtute
decisions.
Extensive
info on all such issues, including review board preparation
Advanced
Directives in the USA
The rules regarding Powers of Attorney can be found
in the Ontario Health Care Consent
Act (HCCA) and Substitute Decisions Act (SDA). The chart
below gives general information on the different kinds of
Power of Attorney.
4 page review of the Mental Health
Act
See our links.
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